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- Distinction between two phenomena:
-- Two languages spoken by a person
-- Two languages spoken within a comunity/society
- The two phenomena are not necessarily related:
-- Bilingual persons within a monolingual society
-- Bilingual society with mostly monolingual speakers
- Hamers und Blanc (2000 [1983]):
-- Individual bilingualité/bilinguality
-- Bilingualisme/bilingualism in society
- Bilingualism in society may also imply diglossia (Fishman 1967)